Melatonin
It modestly reduces sleep latency.
What it is for
Helps you fall asleep and reset your circadian rhythm (jet lag, shift work).
How it works
A hormone that signals 'it is night': it regulates the timing of sleep, it does not force it.
Dosing
0.5–3 mg (low doses are usually enough; more is not better).
When to take it
30–60 min before bed.
Safety
Safe short term at low doses.
Side effects
Residual drowsiness, vivid dreams, headache.
Interactions
Sedatives, anticoagulants, contraceptives.
Contraindications
Pregnancy, autoimmune diseases (seek medical advice).
Who it has been studied in
Very useful for jet lag and shift work.
Frequently asked
Is it a sleeping pill?
No. It helps with the 'when', it does not replace sleep hygiene.
- Evidence tier
- C
- Quality
- Moderate
- Studies
- Many RCTs (heterogeneous)
- Consensus
- Useful in circadian misalignment
- Controversy
- The usual market doses (5–10 mg) are excessive
- Reviewed
- 2024
Strength of evidence out of 5.